Emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic that has made us even more reliant on digital platforms, society is struggling to balance opportunities and risks for children in online spaces. Despite children representing an especially marginalized and vulnerable population, the dominant platforms of the online world have not been constructed with the needs and interests of children in mind, leaving children dependent on adults to advocate for their interests and structure their experiences. This collection of essays provides perspectives, frameworks, and research for understanding diverse children’s evolving relationships with algorithms, and how stakeholders might shape these relationships in productive ways. Three common concerns are threaded through the essays: (1) the relationship between algorithms, culture, and society; (2) the unique needs and positionality of children; and (3) inequality in children’s risks and opportunities.